When Things Fall Apart, Should We Fall to Pieces: Essay -- Literature

Turning and turning in the widening gyre, the falcon cannot attempt the falconer Things fall apart the Centre cannot hold Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world (Yeats, p.1102). This metaphor represents man when he is far removed from what keeps him centered it illustrates how at that place can be no control when you lose control the only thing that can come out is chaos. Our decisions are the foundation to how anything finds balance. Though our decisions commonly are based on past experiences. It is our smells, which may lead us to make decisions. We as humans use faith or a tone system to deal with problems to which we need to solve. Sometimes it is our beliefs that may cause more harm than good. When our beliefs do just that what do we look for in ourselves to make decisions. Is our belief system the one and only thing that causes us to make the decisions that we make? Should our decisions based on belief have other factors involved before an minute will transpire? Through h istory and in recent years, it seems that our beliefs our conflicting with a multitude of people who dont share the same feelings. The biggest demonstration of tragedy from our beliefs is death. shoemakers last must be taken into account when decisions are made, otherwise we may not have much time left alive. In the story Things locate Apart is it a coincidence that the belief of a people control the decisions that our made throughout, or is it an ill-fated story with tragedy springing up at every turn? Chinua Achebe brilliantly illustrates this story of a man Okonkwo despite his every effort to better his life is plagued with disastrous outcomes. Throughout this tale it is apparent that Okonkwos decisions are heavily weighed upon by his beliefs. Is it his beliefs t... ...102. Print.Gyekye, Kwame. An Essay on African Philosophical Thought The Akan Conceptual Scheme. New York Cambridge University Press, 1987.Foot, Philippa. Virtues and Vices. Berkeley University of California Pres s. 1978Hauser, Marc D. Moral Minds How Nature Designed Our UniversalSense of rightfulness and Wrong. New York HarperCollins, 2006Mayo, Bernard. Virtue or Duty? In Vice or Virtue in Everyday Life, edited by Christian Hoff Sommers and Fred Sommers. Fort value Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1985.Narveson, Jan. Morality and Violance War, Revolution, Terrorism. In Matters of Life and Death, 3rd ed., edited by Tom Regan. New York McGraw-Hill, 1993.Roosevelt, Franklin D.. Address on Hemisphere Defense. The American Presidency Project. Gerhard Peters and outhouse T. Woolley, 2012. Web. 5 Apr 2012. .

Politics and Politicians :: essays research papers

In politics it would be novel to have a gracious rival. Modern governmental campaigners might concord a lesson in graciousness and kindness from the great British statesman, Edward Campbell . Once when Campbell was opposing Thackereay for a piazza in Parliament, the two contenders, in course of their campaigning, met and engage in friendly conversation. On taking leave of his rival Thackereay remarked, May the best man win Oh, no, replied Campbell, I look forward to not, I want to win E.J. Dionne Jr., author of They alone Look Dead, ascertains that politics in America today are nothing more than politics of moral annihilation. As an example of this he refers to the presidential election of 1992. normally , press conferences are called when governmental matters arise. The conference mentioned was called by the conservatives. Paula Jones came forward and accused Bill Clinton of familiar worrying apparently Mr. Clinton made unwelcomed sexual advances" . He continues to me nstruum out that these are the same conservatives that only a few years earlier had denounced the idea of sexual harassment as feminist invention. It is acts like this that are aiding in the moral annihilation of politics. The overall impact of such politics is undermining the intelligence of the Ameri toilet populous by turning political campaigning into a juvenile power struggle. some(prenominal) the Democrats and Republicans have reverted to a state of guerrilla media warfare.Every time election year rolls around we begin to essay the usual complaints of how politics is morally corrupt. It typically heart we get to see the superficial image-oriented campaigning, negative attacks against ones opponent, and the thirty- here and now spot commercials that intrr upt our favorite sitcom. Experts note that the rates of political participation in the United States, as careful by the percentage of eligable voters who register and actually cast their ballot, has been dropping for year s, in part due to the particular that citizens are disgusted with the conduct of political campaigns. From this we can clearly see overall impact of this type of politics does infact undermind how the populus acts in 3 shipway 1)dont watch televison2)dont care and 3)dont vote.This then brings us to the second point of how this is harmful to democracy. As I stated before it turns political campaigning into a childlike game for power. Author Daniel OConnell once said A politican doesnt contribute on his own record he jumps on the other fellows.Politics and Politicians essays research papers In politics it would be novel to have a gracious rival. Modern political campaigners might take a lesson in graciousness and kindness from the great British statesman, Edward Campbell . Once when Campbell was opposing Thackereay for a seat in Parliament, the two contenders, in course of their campaigning, met and engaged in friendly conversation. On taking leave of his rival Thackereay remark ed, May the best man win Oh, no, replied Campbell, I hope not, I want to win E.J. Dionne Jr., author of They Only Look Dead, ascertains that politics in America today are nothing more than politics of moral annihilation. As an example of this he refers to the presidential election of 1992. Normally , press conferences are called when political matters arise. The conference mentioned was called by the conservatives. Paula Jones came forward and accused Bill Clinton of sexual harassment apparently Mr. Clinton made unwelcomed sexual advances" . He continues to point out that these are the same conservatives that only a few years earlier had denounced the idea of sexual harassment as feminist invention. It is acts like this that are aiding in the moral annihilation of politics. The overall impact of such politics is undermining the intelligence of the American populous by turning political campaigning into a childlike power struggle. Both the Democrats and Republicans have reverted to a state of guerrilla media warfare.Every time election year rolls around we begin to hear the usual complaints of how politics is morally corrupt. It typically means we get to see the superficial image-oriented campaigning, negative attacks against ones opponent, and the thirty-second spot commercials that intrr upt our favorite sitcom. Experts note that the rates of political participation in the United States, as measured by the percentage of eligable voters who register and actually cast their ballot, has been dropping for years, in part due to the fact that citizens are disgusted with the conduct of political campaigns. From this we can clearly see overall impact of this type of politics does infact undermind how the populus acts in 3 ways 1)dont watch televison2)dont care and 3)dont vote.This then brings us to the second point of how this is harmful to democracy. As I stated before it turns political campaigning into a childlike game for power. Author Daniel OConnell once sa id A politican doesnt stand on his own record he jumps on the other fellows.

Accounting Essay -- GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Accounting Accounting is a cargoner that offers many job opportunities and advancements, and a little hard dally will inevitably lead to happiness and success. Accountants have different duties depending on the size and nature of the participation where they are employed. Usually accountants prepare and analyze pecuniary reports that polish up-to-date information for government agencies, businesses, and other organizations. The data accountants provide information that influences nearly every business and government decision. This is important because a companys financial condition is the most important thing. Accountants also have many opportunities for part-time work especially with small businesses. There are quadruple major Accounting fields Management, public, government, and internal auditing. Most accountants are management accountants that are usually employed by a single company to wait their financial records. A few management accountants function as internal auditors, a fast growing field. About 1/3 of all accountants are public accountants. They usually specialize in taxes, and they work for themselves or for an accounting firm. Government accountants maintain and examine the financial records of government agencies and check the record of businesses and individuals whose financial activities are connected with government agencies. Internal auditors review financial records and reports, to judge their reliability. They also review procedures ...

Essay --

The following essay addresses the effect and impact of environmental and ethical management within the sport and recreation industry, critically analysing such methods against current literature in the field. Utilising Carrolls (1991) model of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), it strains to evaluate, by means of an ethical audit, the current ethical principles employed in the operation of a London-based recreation facility, and objectively assess the extent to which the organisation is committed to the concepts of CSR management.According to Robin and Reidenbach (1987), business ethical motive demand an organisation channel in agreement with a shared set of believed principles related to moral philosophy, while accessible responsibility relates to the social conventions that exist between business and society. In other words, social responsibility includes all of the requirements and duties of business to the society it operates in, while business ethics, to some extent, inv olves the duties of business to the individual decision maker. While the two concepts of ethics and social responsibility are fairly dissimilar, they evidently share a common link.Based on Social Identity Theory (Tajfel and Turner, 1979), Turban and green (1997) argued that a companys corporate social performance (CSP) was favourably associated with their reputation and attractiveness as an employer, suggesting that CSP may provide some competitive return in attracting staff.While ethical standards are defined as ideologies that when followed, encourage values such as trust, positive behaviour, justice, and compassion, there is no one conformable set of principles that all organisations adhere to, but rather, each has the ability to create the standards they de... ...h CSR activity, viewing this as a means for its managers to meet the apparent opposing concerns of social responsibility and bottom-line performance. However, to properly manage consumer relationships and its own re putation, GLL should not only adopt CSR as in integral part of its mission, but must also seek to communicate this widely to its members through use of effective social media. While it is plain GLL understands the demands placed on it and its divisional managers, by employees, suppliers, community groups, sporting government bodies and local authorities, to increase their participation in CSR, it must be wary of this reality as it expands, as business norms and principles, regulatory structures, and stakeholder demand for CSR can and result vary considerably across differing regions of the UK, and along multiple lines of business (McWilliams, et al., 2006).

A World Without Mathematics :: essays research papers

According to teachers for as long as any can remember, one cannot survive in this world without mathematics, yet thousands in the United States alone cannot grasp mathematics, cannot learn mathematics because of Dyscalculia (also called Dyscalcula). Dyscalculia is a term meaning "specific learning disability in mathematics." People who suffer with a poor retentiveness for all things mathematical have many other symptoms and characteristics. Taken as a whole, these coexisting conditions comprise what is termed as "the dyscalculia syndrome."Dyscalculia is an MLD (mathematics learning disability) that affects approximately ten share of the US population, yet almost no one (shy of those diagnosed with the MLD) knows that it even exists. People who suffer from Dyscalculia have severe anxiety attacks, as well as perfectly term memory loss associated with mathematics, numbers, rules, and retention. Other symptoms of Dyscalculia range from normal or accelerated language acquisition, poetic ability, good visual memory for the printed word, difficulty with the nobble concepts of time and direction, inability to keep track of time, and may be chronically late. The diagnosis of such a MLD is a simple test that ranges from a fewer hours to as long as a day. It is, however, difficult to recognize because it appears similar to math anxiety, lack of studying, and just simple mistakes. Doctors believe that there are thousands in the world who have Dyscalculia, but go undiagnosed. The test is also very expensive, costing too much for the average person or college student to comport for (ranging from five hundred dollars into the thousand or so range).As is typical in dyscalculia syndrome, students are usually gifted in most other donnish areas. They may be in Honors classes, achieve excellent grades, and be tenacious learners. Math, however, confounds them, because it defies their learning history. They can read, understand, work the problems, but instea d of remembering and mastering the material, it is mysteriously forgotten sometimes an hour later. To some, it seems like a lack of effort to those with Dyscalculia it is a nightmare.The typical response to this phenomenon is to try harder. Thus, students apply all of the strategies used for victor in other classes to the mathematics task. But success is temporary. The student willingly exerts extraordinary effort and invests unprecedented amounts of time, yet success eludes her. At this point, the student becomes frustrate by seemingly insurmountable obstacles. But she is further aggravated by the fact that she cannot identify and define the obstacles to her achievement.

A World Without Mathematics :: essays research papers

According to teachers for as long as any can remember, one cannot survive in this humanness without mathematics, until now thousands in the United States alone cannot grasp mathematics, cannot learn mathematics because of Dyscalculia (also called Dyscalcula). Dyscalculia is a term meaning "specific learning disability in mathematics." battalion who suffer with a poor memory for all things mathematical have many other symptoms and characteristics. Taken as a whole, these coexisting conditions comprise what is termed as "the dyscalculia syndrome."Dyscalculia is an MLD (mathematics learning disability) that affects approximately ten percent of the US population, yet almost no one (shy of those diagnosed with the MLD) knows that it even exists. People who suffer from Dyscalculia have severe concern attacks, as well as short term memory loss associated with mathematics, numbers, rules, and retention. Other symptoms of Dyscalculia range from normal or accelerated langu age acquisition, poetic ability, broad(a) visual memory for the printed word, difficulty with the abstract concepts of time and direction, inability to keep track of time, and may be chronically late. The diagnosis of such a MLD is a round-eyed test that ranges from a few hours to as long as a day. It is, however, difficult to recognize because it appears similar to math anxiety, lack of studying, and just simple mistakes. Doctors believe that there are thousands in the world who have Dyscalculia, however go undiagnosed. The test is also very expensive, costing too much for the just person or college student to pay for (ranging from five hundred dollars into the thousand or so range).As is typical in dyscalculia syndrome, students are usually indue in most other academic areas. They may be in Honors classes, achieve excellent grades, and be tenacious learners. Math, however, confounds them, because it defies their learning history. They can read, understand, work the problems, but instead of remembering and mastering the material, it is mysteriously forgotten sometimes an hour later. To some, it seems like a lack of effort to those with Dyscalculia it is a nightmare.The typical response to this phenomenon is to feat harder. Thus, students apply all of the strategies used for success in other classes to the mathematics task. But success is temporary. The student willingly exerts extraordinary effort and invests unprecedented amounts of time, yet success eludes her. At this point, the student becomes frustrated by seemingly insurmountable obstacles. But she is further aggravated by the fact that she cannot identify and define the obstacles to her achievement.

New England vs. The Colonies

Colonial times than In the flummox. It was hard choice make by many European settlers when considering to what settlement to go to. They had to choose between the Middle or Southern colonies along with in the altogether England. Each colony had certain, desirable features and characteristics that these settlers had to take into account. However, those that chose to reside in the bleak England colonies were the some fortunate of the colonists in terms of living standards and morals for a serial publication of reasons.Also, these living standards apply to most people groups at the time. New Englands colonies were Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Hampshire. The New England colonies were most pleasant to live in partially due to the nature it was gifted with. The pristine environment was healthy to live in as it contained an immense, excursive forest. (Amounts) This was also supplemented by the fact that it had great access to the coast. (Alicia) It was not afflic ted by disease handle the other colonies because of a cooler climate and naturally occurring clean water. Alcohol) A notable, Immigrant reverend named Francis Higgins commented on the matter. He stated For a sip of New Englands air is better then a whole compose of old Englands ale. (Kennedy, pig. 71) One other motive that New England was superb In living conditions is its favorable semipolitical circumstances. One of the earliest precursors of American democracy was present in the Massachusetts colony which is generally conceived as positive by most. The Massachusetts colony was self-governed by religious persons. Amounts) Only male. Protestant church members were allowed to record In government, but at least tyranny was less of an issue. (Amounts) The great Thomas Jefferson awe one of the government meetings as the best school of political liberty the world ever saw. (Kennedy, pig. 73) New England was a more religiously tolerant group of colonies compared to other areas of No rth America. Puritans founded the Massachusetts colony for the advise of establishing a place that offers more religious freedom.This was a way to get away from the Intolerant church of England In the British Isles. To escape Puritan political theory at the time, a person could move to the Rhode Island colony. Rhode Island was founded by a settler named Roger Williams where anyone can worship freely. It harbored many people, including the famous Anne Hutchinson, who would be persecuted in other colonies scarcely because of their beliefs. (Amounts) New England was the epicenter of The Great Awakening which benefited the area.This was due to the preaching of a famous preacher named Jonathan Edwards. This was spiritually refreshing for Christians which composed the majority of the population. Education substantial at an increased rate and was concentrated in New England. Many top American universities Like Harvard were founded in the colonies. (Kennedy, pig. 87) The colonies of New England bore an economy that was stable, advantageous and England provided an extremely high availability of lumber.This made lumber a major export and caused New England to be an important source of ships. Innumerable homes were also made with this lumber. The coast provided a gargantuan supply of fish, especially cod for which New England is well known for. Perhaps most importantly, New England had a drastically likeness and profit of the use of human slave labor. (Wisped) If an English person during the 17th and 18th centuries was wary of these facts, hen they would easily deduce that New England was the best colony to emigrate to.The factors dictating this choice would constitute of New Englands superior education and health, lowered dependence on human slaves, religious and political freedom and natural features. New England still draws people in due to its features. It is the home of the worlds highest educational and beauty. North America was arguably more of a land of opp ortunity during Colonial Times than in the present. It was hard choice made by many European settlers when considering to what colony to go to. They had to choose between the Middle or Southern colonies along with New England.Each colony had certain, desirable features and characteristics that these settlers had to take into account. However, those that chose to reside in the New England colonies were the most fortunate of the colonists in terms of living standards and morals for a series of reasons. Also, these living standards apply to most people groups at the time. New Englands colonies were Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Hampshire. Climate and naturally occurring clean water. (Alicia) A notable, immigrant reverend named Francis Higgins commented on the matter.He stated For a sip of New One other motive that New England was superb in living conditions is its favorable Only male, Protestant church members were allowed to participate in government, of establish ing a place that offers more religious freedom. This was a way to get away from the intolerant Church of England in the British Isles. To escape Puritan universities like Harvard were founded in the colonies. (Kennedy, pig. 87) more moral than colonies found elsewhere on the continent. The vast forests of New It is the home of the worlds highest educational and beauty.

Early Childhood Education and Children

Mothers Stay at Home Are there any benefits for children stay hotshot of p atomic number 18nt with them at berth? Mothers who stay at abode are helpful for their family. Many mothers prefer to give their children to their mothers, but if there is not grandmother to help child, that bequeath be problem especially if the child is still baby or infant. Mothers are compelled to find a place to put their child there. Many kinds of places that may mothers sum of money their child to stay there and to have education, such as to educational settings which consist of early child education, pre-school, nursery school, and pre-kindergarten.Also, there are many places to obtain care and education for children nanny, governess, babysitting, au pair, and extended family, for example. In fact, mothers decision that choosing stay with her children at home or going to work and association her children in convenient place, is important critical for her. A mother who stays at house are more pro bable to have time to be involved with their children. Those mothers who stay home is able to become more completely involved their children activities.For example, mother will give carful and interest for her children. Moreover, many people point to needs childhood such as feeding, sustenance, and nurturing. Most women have been housewife to be breadwinners, and to be caretakers. Child care can cost up to $15,000 for one year in the United States. Approximately six out of every ten children, or almost 12 million children, age five and younger, are being jointly cared for by refers and early childhood educators, relatives, or other child-care providers (Lynn, 2002).Indeed, many societies have been assumed that women will stay home and take care of their children while their spouses go out and work. In addition, woman pregnancy suffers to go out and doing hard work many hours without rest times, but when she stay home will get time to have rest and lying. Many mothers work to be re ady for unexpected situations like a husbands unemployment, husbands death, a divorce, or sickness. In fact, nobody wants to be working more than eight hours a day and missing his or her family life.In encouragement of mothers who want to work, Dr. Phil says that many mothers optimism to be a parent and pursue an occupation and they often become miserable when they are stuck just in a parenting capacity. If the child is mothered by a parent who is feeling frustrated and depressed and empty, that is not a good thing, he says. Even though some parents are now separated, father continues in the component part of primary caregiver to his children, while mother continue to support her family. A man is not hard to give up the traditional role as breadwinner.However, A woman can be more responsibility to earn money and take care for her family. A lot of women have been socialized to be service workers for their societies, not solely to be housewife. Some time a man feels difficult to abdi cate some things like giving up self-worth, feelings of maleness and personal power. It can be tough on men, especially in the beginning. In conclusion, its these deeper issues. Making the decision to stay home with your children or join the hands can be a difficult process. It appears approximating employed moms just cant success.Every woman has dream to be effective in her society and earn money, but she will face challenges with her care children. Sources 1. Dr. Phil http//drphil. com/articles/article/284 2. Olson, Lynn (2002). According to the 2002 Quality Counts survey conducted by Education calendar week, approximately six out of every ten children, or almost 12 million children, age five and younger, are being jointly cared for by parents and early childhood educators, relatives, or other child-care providers. Starting Early. Education Week 21 (17) 1011. Retrieved 24 November 2012.

The Decline of Moral Education from the 1950s to Today

Civilization of nations depends on moral character and attitudes of its people. It is acquired by education and training of its people. Education starts right from squirthood and is an essential prerequisite for developing a good moral character. Education of a child plays a vital role in improving his/her sort.It is a very principal(prenominal) and vital footmark that education should be designed in a way that should help children develop a good character. But unfortunately, this is not the case. Our education system has declined to a level that our new generation is not aware of moral behavior and attitude. Educating a child does not solely rely on the shoulders of a indoctrinate but it depends on different people according to their role. Education of a child is dependant on teachers, parents and administrators of educational process.The main participants are parents. Parents are the front place for child where he learns a lot from their own character and how they behave and teach a child. Parents are mainly responsible for bringing the child to maturity and develop their moral character. However, if state schools try to take over this responsibility and then train and educate them in a way to attend the governmental goals, though it might ruin their morals is a deteriorating condition in our education.States and school are not focusing on the moral behavior and attitudes. Our education system must be to consecrate todays children tomorrows leader.Leadership qualities determine those traits and characteristics of a person that will make him to lead people, an organization and/or a business. Leadership qualities may vary according to the situations, organizations and tasks. There are different leadership models and their qualities depend on the linguistic context of the environment they need to work in.One of the most important leadership qualities is that a leader is always determined, persuasive and work for their best. It is well understood by them that there is always a room for improvement. Excellence is what they want to achieve and whatever they do. They have a strong desire to do their best and achieve outstandingly. The workforce they create is organized, unified, disciplined, cooperative and very productive. They keep setting new standards and carve new ways to improve and bring change.A very important aspect of leadership is that leader always makes others feel honored and valued. He never makes them feel bad for their mistakes, or criticizes them. Instead he is always an exemplar for his employee and p lays a role model for them. Leader always work for others and willing to serve them. Doing this he never feels inferior or secondary. Serving others gains respect. back up out others gain their respect and admiration. Employees make the workforce of an organization failing to motivate them and help them could result in failure of an organization on the whole.A very important aspect of education is to be tolerant of other and removing discrimination among different ethical groups. Diversity refers to the grouping of different people from simple array of ethnic, cultural and socio-economic backgrounds. Diversity implies that being tolerant of racial groups from different backgrounds and to give them equal rights at workplace, education, tourism and entertainment. Diversity programs in business, education, and employment get hold of to provide equal opportunities for minority groups to let them participate in each(prenominal) aspects of life. Diversity implies respect and protection of equal rights for others equally as we are enjoying them.As being part of American society, a nation that has most diverse and different groups of people, it is important to look beyond the limits of differences among people. If we are well developed cosmea we should come out of the notion of race, color and identity. Democracy can be implemented well in a nation by removing the barriers of conventional identiti es and penetrating each others.If admissions are not given on equal basis then how the constitution will give equal protection? Practical implementation of Affirmative Action would diminish traditional set back of minority groups who were not given privileges in the schools and profession earlier. But now there is a strong need to reduce this racial and gender discrimination. For advancement of our society and to keep the infrastructure of the nation strong it is the very important and fundamental point. In addition, affirmative action will let schools and profession to obtain more benefits from the talents of diverse groups of people belonging to different gender and race (Gurin, 2002).The reason for this is that calculate if a school is declining admission to a person who obtained very good scores in his/her test, solely on the basis that s/he is a black or among other minority group, who knows that the same person could later become an eminent personality. By contrary if it gr ants admission to a white person who deserved less marks may later become a poor professional. The most important reason for affirmative action is to give all rights to the people who deserve their positions in the medical schools. Further to end racial preferences among students of different schools.There must be different alternative methods develop to spot violence at school. Environment at school greatly influences students learning skills.ReferencesState Education and the Decline of chasteity Paul A. Cleveland http//www.leaderu.com/offices/cleveland/docs/education.htmlMoral Development and Moral Education An Overview. Studies in Moral Development and Education. http//tigger.uic.edu/lnucci/MoralEd/overview.htmlGurin, Patricia, Day, Eric L., Hurtado, Sylvia & Gurin, Gerald. Diversity and Higher Education Theory and Impact on Educational Outcomes, Harvard Educational Review, 72 (Fall 2002), 330-337.

IRHR scientific management Essay

This essay explores the concepts and reasoning behind The ideas or Frederick W. Taylor An Evaluation (Locke 1982). Techniques go away also be examined in relevance to Taylors contribution to modern day focusing. Overall this essay will determine how Taylors philosophical system is interlinked to true modern day theories ab bulge out employer- employee relationships and whether his principles are considered still binding.scientific Management was a turning point for management theories, according to Frederick W. Taylor it is simply a scientific based approach to professional decision making. Taylors approach involved logical techniques, experiments and detailed and supported research. Taylors time and motion study was a component of his approach that assisted in finding out the one best way of completing work, resulting in maximum production and eliminating as often waste as possible along with time and money (Taylor, 1912/1970).The standardization technique that Taylor used in his scientific management is commonly used globally in modern day organisations. Money being a focus motivator in society, regardless of the era in time Taylor used this as an incentive to inspire high worker output and proficiency. After much observation and investigation into his approach, Taylor saw that employees would work harder and more productively when they were encouraged by means of the dollar. Taylor was a man of logic and structure goal- setting (tasks) was a component of his approach that involved using every worker and separating tasks up to divide out ensuring quality (Locke, 1982).Taylors philosophy is widely acknowledged and useful in todays advanced business world although changes and improvements have been made, the origin of his philosophy is still attributed to Taylors main concepts in scientific management. A prime example of a modern day organisation that employs Taylors scientific management theory is Burger King. This method assists with more accurate prod uction, proficiency and worker fulfilment. Burger Kingis an organisation that is concerned very much with goal setting, all staff are prepare specifically to complete necessary tasks.There are many stations in the workplace such as behind the register taking proceedings with the customer and taking orders, those who are in charge of the cooking and organising of meals, cleaners that ensure the eating areas are clean and that bathrooms are perpetually cleaned. McDonalds uses the scientific management theory in their operations and has been so far successful and efficient with production for the business.Burger King, successfully and efficiently uses Taylors Scientific Management in their day-to-day operations. Taylors theory supports and guides Burger Kings human resources department, finances, advertising and more. All their sub departments are run similar to Taylors approach. Dividing out specific jobs and classing them in groups for specialize and skilled people to get them do ne as efficiently as possible. The idea of training as well as rewarding and therefore smoke provide their staff with a stable working environment, when the workplace is stable and comfortable, workers work harder. Another way Taylors approach assist Burger King is regular monitoring of performance and pushing for improvement which avoids this under working.The employee- employer relationships at Burger King are well maintained due to open communication and pit power is distributed among the staff. Similar again to Taylors philosophy, Money is a motivator. And Burger King, being a fast food chain, is certainly motivated by the dollar. There are many similarities between how Burger King is operated and run, although very few, if any, differences. It is clearly evident that Burger King, along with most other fast food chains follow Taylors Scientific Method of management.Outlined above is Taylors influence to management, as well as the difficulties some businesses have with applying and understanding his theory. I have favoured Taylors scientific management philosophy, after much research I reached a solid understanding which led me to believe that his concept was a significant push in front for modern day management. Taylors contributions, although out-dated have been altered to suit todays technologically savvy business society.Reference ListLocke, Edwin A , (Jan 1982). The ideas of Frederick W. Taylor An Evaluation . The Academy of Management freshen up (pre- 1986), pp.14-22, 7, 000001 ABI/ INFORM GlobalMaqbool, M., Zakariya, A., &Paracha, A.. (2011) A Critique on Scientific Management. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 3(4), 843- 855. Retrieved August 20, 2013, from ABI/INFORM GlobalRobert, K. (2007). Taylorism Up Close and Personal Hugh G. Aitkens Taylorism at Watertown Arsenal. , 48(1), 1-9Taneja, S., Pryor, M., & Toombs, L.. (2011). Frederick W. Taylors Scientific Management Principles Relevance and Validity. Journal of A pplied Management and Entrepreneurship, 16(3), 60-79. Retrieved August 20, 2013, from ABI/INFORM Global

English Essay on the Short Story “The Island”

English essay on the short story The Island We all cognise the word Freedom, but do we truly know what it means? Its a good word which explains No commitments, no chains, no concerns and no insecurity. The Scottish short story The Island is an expression for this freedom and to muff you to something bigger than yourself. It could be God or in this case, it is the beautiful nature. This short story is published in 1992 and the author is unknown. The main character is Doris (last name unknown), she has a son, named John who is married with Annette, and is Doris daughter-in-law.We peck estimate Doris to be 50-60 years old, if we figure her son, Johns age and his status as a married man. Doris family with the young couple is difficult, because she is an outsider, she is old, and they atomic number 18 young, both John and his wife Annette. When Doris visited, Annette never found her jobs, or asked favours. If there were children, it might be contrastive, but in her warmheartedness Doris doubted it. (p. 1, ll. 11-12). According to this line, we easily get to know what Doris give birth is with Annette. And we get to know that Doris want to involve herself more in the young couples life. She had half hoped that John, at least, would say he really wanted her to come. But no. Certainly her daughter-in-law did non need her. (p. 1, ll. 8-9). And it comes to express, that Doris also not want to be alone, not needed. John and Annette, mostly Annette, tread Doris like a child. They saw several more beaches that Doris wanted to explore on foot, but she was imprisoned in the covering seat. (p. 1, ll. 34-35). And they, John and Annette keep saying that Doris needs to relax and take it easy. The Island we are on is called Tiree. Tiree is an island off the west coast of Scotland.As long as Doris stays on the island, she becomes freer. First of all, she meets an elderly man, carrying fish in a basket on the beach. They small-talk, and she looks at the nature around her a nd the man. Standing here she felt that her house in the busybodied Anchusa Road belonged in another world. (p. 2, ll. 48-49). I suffer imagine this feeling Doris feels, because I had stood in a directly situation like her. The busy world is far from you, and you are flying. You have no concerns about anything, youre not bound to anything and youre feeling like youre flying.It is an inexpressible moment. And it gives you the examine of freedom. Thats why we, in the end of this short story, hear that Doris want to live on the island. And after this boost of freedom, she sees an otter. She breathes a sigh of pleasure. (p. 2, l. 53). After this experience John and Annette observe, that Doris becomes very obstinate. In the short story it sounds like, John and Annette are forced to live with Doris, because else where they cant get her house, after she dies of course. The nature has a big role in this short story.Feature Article The Plane of the Sleeping Beauty AnalysisBecause it help s Doris to see the freedom, and to be free. We can see in different sections that the nature has an effect at Doris The next morning it was raining but Doris went out all the same. A mist had come in from the sea and all blade of grass was hung with silver droplets. It was, to Doris, even more beautiful than the day before. She found a patch with creamy mushrooms. She picked one, peeled off the delicate scrape and ate it. (p. 2, ll. 65- 68). According to these lines, we can tell, that the nature has a big influence on Doris. I think she never tried to eat a mushroom, uncooked.And we can tell, because she lives in the city, she had too much influence from it, and that shows us, people like Annette and John. And thats why they flip out in the end of the short story, because they hear Doris bonkers idea to sell the house in Anchusa Road, and move to the island Youll do no such thing. Annette was startled into open bad manners. (p. 3, l. 116). This clearly shows us, what kind of peo ple they are too, compared to Doris, especially Annette. We can conclude the short story The Island as a released giving story to people without freedom and to those people who is still in chains, and cant get out.The short story shows a lot of things, we can categorize as the themes of this short story. Freedom, relationships in the family and identity, but the most important of these themes is freedom. everyplace and over again, we can reed trough the lines, that Doris doesnt has it, and wants it, and the only thing, in her case, who can give it to her, is the nature. Therefore the nature plays a big role in this short story, and we know it from our own lives. The nature gives and shows us, the humans, freedom.

John Gokongwei †Cebu Pacific

lavatory Gokongwei is the founder of Cebu Pacific, a Filipino air duct company started in 2005. Cebu Pacific is one of the most recognised airline companies in the Philippines. John Gokongwei is a great rags to riches story of how he started entrepreneurship out of poverty. He also is a active philantrophist and donates millions to various charities around the Philippines. John L. Gokongwei Jr. Who is he? Call it tritebut, believe me, success can be achieved, through hard work, frugality, integrity, responsiveness to changeand most of all, boldness to dream.These take never been just easy slogans for me. I have lived by them Gokongwei Jr. , John L. , Commencement Address (AdMU), 27 March 2004. What made him a loss leader? The qualities that Gokongwei possesses made him a successful business tycoon. He is a type of person who is a risk-taker he was never afraid to take the next locomote for his empire to grow. He is an optimistic person, failures and mistakes were never a barrier for him, he always try to have a healthy attitude towards failure, its a part of being an entrepreneur which is clearly stated in his quote Achievements Mr. John L.Gokongwei, Jr. , serves as President of JG Summit Capital Markets Corp.Mr. Gokongwei served as professorship and Chief Executive police officer of JG Summit Holdings, Inc. from 1990 to 2001, which he founded. Mr. Gokongwei served as the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer at Oriental Petroleum And Minerals Corp. from 1994 to 2002. He founded public Robina Corp. in 1954. He served as Chief Executive Officer and President of Digital Telecommunications Phils Inc. for JG Summit Holdings Inc. He served as Chief Executive Officer of Universal Robina muckle, Robinsons take Corp., JG Summit since 2001. He was primarily responsible for the overall direction and development of JG Summit Group of Companies which he founded in the mid-fifties. He founded Robinsons debark Corp. in 1980 and has been its Chairman Em eritus since January 1, 2002. He has been Chairman Emeritus of Universal Robina Corporation since January 1, 2002. He has been Chairman Emeritus at JG Summit Holdings Inc. , since January 1, 2002. Mr. Gokongwei is the Founder of Universal Robina (Cayman), Ltd and has been its Chairman Emeritus since January 2002.He serves as the Chairman of Gokongwei Brothers Foundation, Inc. and Great Pacific Life Assurance Corporation. He served as Chairman of JG Summit and Universal Robina Corporation. He served as Chairman of the Board of Robinsons Land until December 31, 2001. He has been Deputy Chairman of United Industrial Corporation Limited since 1999 and Non-Executive Deputy Chairman of Singapore Land Ltd. since 1999. He has been a managing director of Manila Midtown Hotels and Land Corporation since 1973, Gokongwei Brothers Foundation, Inc. , since 1992, Cebu Air, Inc., since December 1995, Litton Mills, Inc. , since 1978, Robinsons Land Corp. , since 1980, Southern Negros Development Co rporation since 1982, Universal Robina Sugar Milling Corporation since 1987, Robinsons Inc. , since 1987, United Industrial Corporation Limited since July 27, 1999 and Singapore Land Ltd. since 1999.Mr. Gokongwei has been a Director of A. Soriano Corp. since May 21, 1980 and JG Summit Petrochemical Corporation since 1994. He serves as a Director of Universal Robina Corp. , Universal Robina (Cayman), Ltd. , JG Summit Holdings Inc., JG Summit Capital Markets Corporation of JG Summit Holdings Inc. , PGPI, Oriental Petroleum and Minerals Corp. , First Private billet Corporation and Bauang Private Power Corporation. He served as a Director of Digital Telecommunications Phils Inc. , from May 1993 to October 26, 2011. He served as a Director of Philex Mining Corp. from 1993 to September 2008. Mr. Gokongwei received an Masters degree in Business Administration from the De La Salle University in the Philippines in 1977 and attended the Advanced Management Program at Harvard University, Bost on, Massachusetts, USA from 1972 to 1973.

“Cousin Kate” by Christina Rossetti Essay

The Four texts that will be witnessed throughout the essay are Cousin Kate by Christina Rossetti, Porphyrias sports fan by Robert Browning, To his Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvel and Romeo Juliet by William Shakespeare. Romeo and Juliet is about two cacoethesrs who adore each other so much, similarily Porphyrias distinguishr is about a man who loves Porphria so much, which leads on to him killing her. Then, To his Coy Mistress was when the narrator slept with the lady and had provoke, similarily Cousin Kate was similar as the narrator had sex with one person then betrayed her for someone else for the money.In symbolise 1 Scene 1 of Romeo and Julliet. Romeo looks to be very (Obsessed) with Rosaline. Rosaline is the girl that Romeo fell in love with very deeply. Montague describes how deeply and Distraught Romeo is feeling to the fact that Rosaline does not love Romeo back. He doesnt want to show his family and friends what is happening but he keeps on sobbing.a poem about a young girl who geAlso In Act 1 Scene 1 Teenage savor is shown between Romeo and Rosaline. He expresses a very deep action in the depth of love wish a Teenager. Romeo, we find out, has been moping around in a grove of sycamore, which, by the way, is Shakespeares way of hinting that Romeo is love sick or sick amour. This shows a lovesick adolescentr. Romeo wanders in and willingly tells Benvolio that hes in love with a girl who doesnt love him back. He is embarrassed and scared to tell just like a teenager.Furthermore, In Act 1 Scene 5 Romeo changes dramatically, when he meets Juliet and his love with Rosaline had all vanished. He says that he has never seen a True Beauty till this night like Juliet. This shows that he was not in love with Rosaline and tells that he is a very unloyal love with people. Juliet had sparked Romeos eye very deeply and had attached on Romeos heart.Although, the infatuation in Act1 Scene1 was very deep into the love with Rosaline. This shows the love of young teenager who doesnt know what a true love is and can stick by easily captured by a lot of love relationships. This in teenagers perspective is very true and a very common thing that happens in teenage love. Romeo is a very fickle teenager when it comes to Love. Romeo is a very fickle character because one he is love with one person which was Rosaline then changes his love to Juliet. The quote that shows is Ive never seen a true beauty till this night. This shows how a different person he can get in matter of time. This also links with his teenage love attitude.Moreover, In act1 Scene 5 Romeo and Juliet when they first meet is very strong and eye catchyFrom across the room, Romeo sees Juliet, and asks a servingman who she is. The servingman does not know. Romeo is transfixed Rosaline vanishes from his mind and he declares that he has never been in love until this moment. Moving through the crowd, Tybalt hears and recognizes Romeos voice Then Romeo touches Juliets hand.

World Englishes

sphere slopeesrefers to the differentvarieties of English and for emerging localized or indigenized varieties of English, especially those territories influenced by the United Kingdom or the United States. The study of World Englishes entails of classifying varieties of English use in varied sociolinguistic contexts globally and analyzing how histories of sociolinguistic, multicultural backgrounds and function contexts influence in different regions of the innovation the use of English.Today, we live in a society which is multilingual for wherever you go, you will be adequate to(p) to meet diverse groups of people who speak individually different tongues. At the same time is when we act with people from different countries, we hear English with a variety of fluency which often differs from the so-called stock English in terms of pronunciation,lexis, expression andgrammar (Kubota,2001).Kashmiri-American linguist Braj B. Kachru, the research pioneer on these linguistic variations and claimed World Englishesin 1986 initially to refer to the institutionalized varieties of English (Hornberger & McKay, 2010). The term World Englishes is now used to narrow or describe the nativized and diverse ranges of English spoken in non- primal countries, and Kachru (1986) explains that the spreading of English can be categorized into a three concentric circle model that represents the spread and growth of English in the gentleman.In the field of Applied Linguistics, it has been invaluable for researchers to come to grasps with the implications of the omnipresent, highly composite and scary existence of the speech communication. fit to Kachru (2003), the world is divided into different circles the inner circle, countries like United Kingdom, USA, Canada, New Zealand, Australia where English is the L1 or native diction, outer circle, countries like Singapore and Philippines which is a community with large speech, great diversity and distinct characteristics maculation the expanding circle, Chile and Holland which English is an internationalistic language where performance varieties were characterized.English may vary or performs in different ways according to the situations, settings, or contexts in which English employed by the speakers from the three circles mentioned. The world Englishes ar the result of these diverse sociocultural contexts and diverse uses of the language in culturally distinct international contexts.The agony in world Englishes is the Torn between the norms- the conflict about whose norm should be followed or legitimized from the different varieties in the face of a checkerboard of English use in the world today. They are the ones who have not had an opportunity to study or learn the language and may not be in a state of ecstasy. The ecstasy English is everywhere, but not available for all people. It gives privileges to those who acquire the language formally in schools or acquired it in an early age.The undermentioned a pproaches, in recent old age have been used to study world Englishes (1) the deficit approach (2) the deviational approach (3) the contextualization approach (4) the variational approach and (5) the synergistic approach. The first twain approaches have dominated the field out of the five approaches and believed to be the least insightful. The following are just merely a commentary of the issues which are given the utmost importance for our intellectual of English in its world context.The following are thus a critique primarily of the two approaches, and that such approaches reflect in the attitudes. (1) Ontological Issues Conflict between idealization and reality. The issues of attitudes and identity is the core of the worry which attitudes are only partially determined toward a variety of English by linguistic considerations. With interest in the varieties of English, there are two major positions in the Outer Circle first, the nativist monomodel position, turn the functiona l polymodel position.The monomodel position is well-articulated in two studies one by Clifford Prator (1968) and by Randolph Quirk (1988) which is almost a generation apart when presented. Quirk sees language range mainly with reference to three models the demographic, the econo-cultural, and imperial. In the demographic model, population spread together with the language and resulted in several varieties of English in the Inner Circle.The econo-cultural, it says that language spread even though there is no serious population spread. The imperial model, the spread of the language is the result of political (colonial) domination. The last two models resulted in the endocentric varieties of English in Africa, Asia, and the Philippines over a period of time (see e.g. Kachru 1982 and 1986a).The endocentric models are what Quirks concerns, and their instructions or teaching implications, the English international currency, and generally, the English language good linguistic health. As to the serious practitioners of applied linguistics, it raises a number of questions relevant to them. The number position relates the formal and functional characteristics of English to appropriate sociolinguistic and interactional contexts.

Legalizing Marijuana National Institute on Drug Abuse

hemp, a milder hallucinogen than LSD, comes from the hemp give Cannabis sativa, which originates in Central Asia still is now grown in most parts of the world. It is excessively known by much(prenominal) names as pot, grass, reefer, weed, and herb. It has for its active piece the mind altering tenderness called delta-9-tetrahydro send awaynabinol or THC (National impart on dose Ab put on1). The r discloseine of ganja has been the subject of much upset and controversy in the past. Young pack be drawn to it, musicians, video stars and rock stars endorse it discreetly, and the planetary population as a whole is divided over whether it is in force(p) or bad for people, and whether it should be permitd or non. A website devoted exclusively to marihuana hold late ran an article weighing the pros and cons of wakelessizing it, and came up with the conclusion that legalizing has sev sequencel economic benefits, and brings with it the ability of government to properly say its determination (Shalom). This essay takes the last menti unmatchabled position, and argues against the legalisation of hemp because of its overall ill wellness and social performance.Effects of lavnabis The physical effects of ganja accept extends in pulse rate and blood pressure, reddening of the eyes, coughing and gravity of the mouth. Psychological effects include a mixture of excitatory, depressive and hallucinatory characteristics, fashioning the medicate difficult to classify. The medicate can produce ad-lib and unrelated ideas perceptions of cartridge holder and place can be distorted communicative behavior whitethorn improver or cease to occur at all and sensitivity to heavy(a) and colors might increase. ganja can as well baby attention and remembering, which suggests that heater marijuana is not conducive to optimal naturalise performance. When marijuana is used daily in heavy amounts, it also can impair the human procreative system and m ay be involved in rough experience defects. (National nominate on Drug holler 1).Statistics on the issue A lot of action has been presented to legalize the use of marijuana and it has been draft copy a lot of attention lately. There argon already dozen maintains in the U.S. where its legal for medicative purposes. Much of the the Statesn public now believes that the medicine should be legalized still otherwises atomic number 18 still come to about health damage and other unfortunate side affects, not to mention moral concerns.One of the consequences of marijuana legalization would be a large increase in drug users. Right now, drug users pretend a fear of law enforcement agents, but if marijuana was legalized, they no seven-day would contract fear and would witness that it go away be all right to use marijuana. Over twenty years ago, estimates of drug use among Americans was as high as 24 million, but it is now estimated to be as low as 11 million. In 1993, America ns spent $49 billion on vicious drugs, down from the 1988 figure of $64 billion. This decline does not mean a decrease in the use of marijuana but an increase of officers on the avenues and drug aw atomic number 18ness programs.Crackdowns being a geographically pore drug raid will just limit drug use for a time but not completely terminate it. According to Walker, this strategy of deploying police officers in streets to catch drug users and dealers and street gangs, merely displace drugs operation to change the place of drug use. When the Violent Crime Act of 1994 was implemented, government allocated a budget to deploy additional 100,000 policemen in streets.One famous crackdown is the Operation Pressure Point in New York that for a time scared drug users away. However, in the long-term, crackdowns are not proven to be effective to totally return drug selling and drug use despite police concentration. Eventually, the originator drug suppliers and dealers were just replaced by some other persons to continue the drug activity. Even New York metropolis police at discharge that the OPP may have put drug operatives in jail, but it was not an say-so that there will be no other persons to replace them.Interdiction or the make of inhibiting the flow and origination of drugs, and eradication or the process of reducing drug plants production are two methods that are plainly out weighted by the fact that drugs is a growing planetary market despite gigantic efforts to stop its production and intromission to certain territories. Walker the author has found that despite interdiction campaigns, unlawful drugs that entered the country have increase importantly from 1987 to 1991. ganja and coca leaf production rose by almost 50% and 33% respectively.The author attributed the failure to the large border that the enforcement agencies have to guard, making it manageable for drug traffickers to mutually line up with the enforcement measures easily by putting up new entry points, and the create mafia that supports the drug trade. Whether we alike it or not, the drug market despite its being downstairsground has been incessantly expanding in both international and domestic level.The problem is, the drug users, as well as pushers are just a miniscule part of the problem on drugs production. The real problem of the drug participation is the large mafia, and big people that benefit most from the drug economy. Interdiction and eradication efforts are ordain to fail when the major actors such as the plant owners and drug traders are not properly apprehended, together with some government allies.Marijuana is verbalise to be the most used illegal drug in the coupled States, with 40 percent or 94 million of Americans aged 12 years or sr. having tried it at least once, and adolescents and teenagers in particular being particularly vulnerable to abusing the drug (National Institute on Drug Abuse 1, citing the 2003 National Survey on Drug U se and Health).Other Health and affable Effects The ill health effects of marijuana have been well-documented. Heavy use of marijuana has been at a time linked to the impairment of a persons ability to shift the focus of his attention from virtuoso thing to another, ability to bring forward events, and ability to form memories (National Institute on Drug Abuse 3). Marijuana is also give tongue to to impair balance, posture, coordination of movement and reaction time, because THC affects the proper functioning of the parts of the witticism responsible for those functions (National Institute on Drug Abuse 4). Such ill effects are said to be precursors of accidents.another(prenominal) ill effect of marijuana use is its link to difficulty in quitting tobacco smoking. appease another ill health effect is the predisposition of marijuana smokers to the same health problems that plague tobacco smokers such as government agency illnesses, daily, cough and phlegm, obstructed airways, l ung infections, and genus Cancer of the lungs and respiratory tract (National Institute on Drug Abuse 4).The heightened risks are said to be the result of marijuana smoke containing 50 to 70 percent to a greater extent carcinogens than veritable(a) tobacco smoke, and because THC is said to impair the immune function thus, making smokers to a greater extent than susceptible to cancer and infectious diseases (National Institute on Drug Abuse 5). Also, marijuana smoking has also been linked to an up to a four-fold increase in the risk of having a heart assault within an hour of smoking it (National Institute on Drug Abuse 5).The ill social effects of smoking marijuana are also varied and grave. Student smokers are said to perform more sufferingly than other students, turn sprainers who smoke marijuana are said to have more problems with work performance (National Institute on Drug Abuse 5). Ill aroused and psychological effects such as depression, anxiety, and personality distu rbances crepuscle over into poor ability to acquire job and social skills, poor ability to cope with emotional problems because of poor problem solving and emotional skills, and lower levels of satisfaction with spiritedness in general (National Institute on Drug Abuse 5-6)An increase in drug use will result in an increase in drug related crimes if drugs are legalized. Supporters of drug legalization believe that crime and force out would decrease if drug use became legal. Statistics tell us that almost half(prenominal) of those arrested for committing a crime test positive for the use of drugs at the time of their arrest. Marijuanas effects cause memory loss, trouble with problem-solving, loss of go skills and an increase in heart rate, panic attacks and anxiety.Marijuana weakens the bodys immune system, which could further expound any future recovery from a undecomposed aesculapian condition. Young adults observing or lettered adults who are smoking marijuana for medicin al purposes sends a misleading message. Legalization supporters claim that marijuana significantly lessens pain and relieves nausea resulting from wicked diseases. However, anti-drug groups think that legalizing marijuana for medical use is merely an ulterior actor designed to gain entree to a dangerous substance.Use of Marijuana in some states In some states marijuana use is legal already for medicinal purposes. According to the NORML (National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws), xii states have legalized or decriminalized the medical use of marijuana in some manner. Since 1996, Alaska, atomic number 20, Colorado, Hawaii, Maine, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont and Washington have passed law that removes state-level penalties from marijuana use by patients who have a doctors recommendation.Moreover, Maryland passed a medical marijuana plausive defense law in 2003. This states that if a person is arrested for marijuana use but is found to be using ma rijuana out of medical necessity, even if at the time of use they did not have a doctors recommendation, he/she will only face a small fine.These state laws specify that marijuana can be used to treat diseases such as arthritis, cancer, chronic vile system disorders, chronic pain, Crohns disease, epilepsy and other seizure disorders, glaucoma, HIV or AIDS, multiple sclerosis and other brawniness spasticity disorders, and help patients cope with onerous migraines, severe nausea, and the side effects of chemotherapy. The requirements for patients and doctors to be protected by these laws transfer from state to state. The U.S. government has challenged the California law in several cases. Federal law does not manage a medical use for marijuana and maintains that the drug is a controlled and a banned substance under all circumstances.Mandatory Drug exam in SchoolsThe main purpose of authorization drug testing in instruct day is not to see and expel those whose results are posi tive. This method is done only to ensure the health and academic performance of all(prenominal) individual student. Those who have been found with positive results are assisted by the school counselor and are enrolled in a drug-education program. This would better help the student to alleviate his drug dependency and so that he may perform better academically.Also with the information that as much as 23% of American drug drug-addicteds are teenagers and perhaps in school, this could directly affect the entire school population. Peer pressure is the one of the primary causes of drug dependency. Without mitigation from the administration, drug dependency among the students would undoubtedly rise. Another cause for concern is that substances such as stimulants induce violence and aggression.This would mean that the well-being of the whole school population could be jeopardized. Therefore, mandatory drug testing is the most effective way not only to prevent drug-dependent students fro m harming themselves but also to prevent violence and harm to the public. Implementing it in schools in the swiftest time assertable would efficiently prevent and flinch the number of drug use among the American student population. (What You Need to live on About Drug exam in School).In sum, legalizing marijuana could potentially lead to more crime and more drug addicts. It also is displace the wrong message to our young people. Giving young people the model that drugs are okay is scene a bad example. If young kids believe that marijuana use is not any more serious than smoking a cigarette, this could lead to serious circumstances and habits for them in the future.ConclusionAdolescents in virtually every era have been risk takers, testing limits and making shortsighted judgments. Today, the consequences of choosing a feed of risk-taking are possibly more serious than they have ever been. Indeed, marijuana must not be legalized, lest we want our children to be dependent on th em and ruining their lives over the long haul.SourcesInternet1) www.norml.org NORML (National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws)2) National Institute on Drug Abuse. Marijuana Abuse Research Report Series. July 2005. Retrieved November 10, 2006 https//www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/marijuana/letter-director.Magazine1) Time Magazine Is America Going to Pot? (issue November 4th, 2002)2) Newsweek magazine The War Over Weed (issue blemish 16, 1998)Legalizing Marijuana National Institute on Drug AbuseMarijuana, a milder hallucinogen than LSD, comes from the hemp plant Cannabis sativa, which originates in Central Asia but is now grown in most parts of the world. It is also known by such names as pot, grass, reefer, weed, and herb. It has for its active ingredient the mind altering substance called delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol or THC (National Institute on Drug Abuse1). The use of marijuana has been the subject of much debate and controversy in the past. Young people are drawn to it, musicians, movie stars and rock stars endorse it discreetly, and the general population as a whole is divided over whether it is good or bad for people, and whether it should be legalized or not. A website devoted exclusively to marijuana use recently ran an article weighing the pros and cons of legalizing it, and came up with the conclusion that legalizing has several economic benefits, and brings with it the ability of government to properly regulate its use (Shalom). This essay takes the latter position, and argues against the legalization of marijuana because of its overall ill health and social effects.Effects of Marijuana The physical effects of marijuana include increases in pulse rate and blood pressure, reddening of the eyes, coughing and dryness of the mouth. Psychological effects include a mixture of excitatory, depressive and hallucinatory characteristics, making the drug difficult to classify. The drug can produce spontaneous and unrelated ideas perceptions of time and place can be distorted verbal behavior may increase or cease to occur at all and sensitivity to sound and colors might increase. Marijuana can also impair attention and memory, which suggests that smoking marijuana is not conducive to optimal school performance. When marijuana is used daily in heavy amounts, it also can impair the human reproductive system and may be involved in some birth defects. (National Institute on Drug Abuse 1).Statistics on the issue A lot of action has been presented to legalize the use of marijuana and it has been drawing a lot of attention lately. There are already twelve states in the U.S. where its legal for medicinal purposes. Much of the American public now believes that the drug should be legalized but others are still concerned about health damage and other unfortunate side affects, not to mention moral concerns.One of the consequences of marijuana legalization would be a large increase in drug users. Right now, drug users h ave a fear of law enforcement agents, but if marijuana was legalized, they no longer would have fear and would feel that it will be all right to use marijuana. Over twenty years ago, estimates of drug use among Americans was as high as 24 million, but it is now estimated to be as low as 11 million. In 1993, Americans spent $49 billion on illegal drugs, down from the 1988 figure of $64 billion. This decline does not mean a decrease in the use of marijuana but an increase of officers on the streets and drug awareness programs.Crackdowns being a geographically focused drug raid will only limit drug use for a time but not completely eradicate it. According to Walker, this strategy of deploying police officers in streets to catch drug users and dealers and street gangs, merely displace drugs activity to change the place of drug use. When the Violent Crime Act of 1994 was implemented, government allocated a budget to deploy additional 100,000 policemen in streets.One famous crackdown is t he Operation Pressure Point in New York that for a time scared drug users away. However, in the long-term, crackdowns are not proven to be effective to totally stop drug selling and drug use despite police concentration. Eventually, the former drug suppliers and dealers were just replaced by some other persons to continue the drug activity. Even New York City police attest that the OPP may have put drug operatives in jail, but it was not an assurance that there will be no other persons to replace them.Interdiction or the process of inhibiting the flow and entry of drugs, and eradication or the process of reducing drug plants production are two methods that are seemingly out weighted by the fact that drugs is a growing international market despite huge efforts to stop its production and entry to certain territories. Walker the author has found that despite interdiction campaigns, illegal drugs that entered the country have increased significantly from 1987 to 1991. Marijuana and coca leaf production rose by almost 50% and 33% respectively.The author attributed the failure to the large border that the enforcement agencies have to guard, making it possible for drug traffickers to mutually adapt with the enforcement measures easily by putting up new entry points, and the organized mafia that supports the drug trade. Whether we like it or not, the drug market despite its being underground has been continuously expanding in both international and domestic level.The problem is, the drug users, as well as pushers are just a small part of the problem on drugs production. The real problem of the drug fight is the large mafia, and big people that benefit most from the drug economy. Interdiction and eradication efforts are doomed to fail when the major actors such as the plant owners and drug traders are not properly apprehended, together with some government allies.Marijuana is said to be the most used illegal drug in the United States, with 40 percent or 94 million of A mericans aged 12 years or older having tried it at least once, and adolescents and teenagers in particular being particularly vulnerable to abusing the drug (National Institute on Drug Abuse 1, citing the 2003 National Survey on Drug Use and Health).Other Health and Social Effects The ill health effects of marijuana have been well-documented. Heavy use of marijuana has been directly linked to the impairment of a persons ability to shift the focus of his attention from one thing to another, ability to recall events, and ability to form memories (National Institute on Drug Abuse 3). Marijuana is also said to impair balance, posture, coordination of movement and reaction time, because THC affects the proper functioning of the parts of the brain responsible for those functions (National Institute on Drug Abuse 4). Such ill effects are said to be precursors of accidents.Another ill effect of marijuana use is its link to difficulty in quitting tobacco smoking. Still another ill health eff ect is the predisposition of marijuana smokers to the same health problems that plague tobacco smokers such as chest illnesses, daily, cough and phlegm, obstructed airways, lung infections, and cancer of the lungs and respiratory tract (National Institute on Drug Abuse 4).The heightened risks are said to be the result of marijuana smoke containing 50 to 70 percent more carcinogens than regular tobacco smoke, and because THC is said to impair the immune function thus, making smokers more susceptible to cancer and infectious diseases (National Institute on Drug Abuse 5). Also, marijuana smoking has also been linked to an up to a four-fold increase in the risk of having a heart attack within an hour of smoking it (National Institute on Drug Abuse 5).The ill social effects of smoking marijuana are also varied and grave. Student smokers are said to perform more poorly than other students, while workers who smoke marijuana are said to have more problems with work performance (National Ins titute on Drug Abuse 5). Ill emotional and psychological effects such as depression, anxiety, and personality disturbances spill over into poor ability to acquire job and social skills, poor ability to cope with emotional problems because of poor problem solving and emotional skills, and lower levels of satisfaction with life in general (National Institute on Drug Abuse 5-6)An increase in drug use will result in an increase in drug related crimes if drugs are legalized. Supporters of drug legalization believe that crime and violence would decrease if drug use became legal. Statistics tell us that almost half of those arrested for committing a crime test positive for the use of drugs at the time of their arrest. Marijuanas effects cause memory loss, trouble with problem-solving, loss of motor skills and an increase in heart rate, panic attacks and anxiety.Marijuana weakens the bodys immune system, which could further complicate any future recovery from a serious medical condition. Yo ung adults observing or knowing adults who are smoking marijuana for medicinal purposes sends a misleading message. Legalization supporters claim that marijuana significantly lessens pain and relieves nausea resulting from serious diseases. However, anti-drug groups think that legalizing marijuana for medical use is merely an ulterior motive designed to gain access to a dangerous substance.Use of Marijuana in some states In some states marijuana use is legal already for medicinal purposes. According to the NORML (National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws), twelve states have legalized or decriminalized the medical use of marijuana in some manner. Since 1996, Alaska, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Maine, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont and Washington have passed legislation that removes state-level penalties from marijuana use by patients who have a doctors recommendation.Moreover, Maryland passed a medical marijuana affirmative defense law in 2003. This st ates that if a person is arrested for marijuana use but is found to be using marijuana out of medical necessity, even if at the time of use they did not have a doctors recommendation, he/she will only face a small fine.These state laws specify that marijuana can be used to treat diseases such as arthritis, cancer, chronic nervous system disorders, chronic pain, Crohns disease, epilepsy and other seizure disorders, glaucoma, HIV or AIDS, multiple sclerosis and other muscle spasticity disorders, and help patients cope with severe migraines, severe nausea, and the side effects of chemotherapy. The requirements for patients and doctors to be protected by these laws vary from state to state. The U.S. government has challenged the California law in several cases. Federal law does not recognize a medical use for marijuana and maintains that the drug is a controlled and a banned substance under all circumstances.Mandatory Drug Testing in SchoolsThe main purpose of mandatory drug testing in school is not to expose and expel those whose results are positive. This method is done only to ensure the health and academic performance of each individual student. Those who have been found with positive results are assisted by the school counselor and are enrolled in a drug-education program. This would better help the student to alleviate his drug dependency and so that he may perform better academically.Also with the information that as much as 23% of American drug dependents are teenagers and perhaps in school, this could directly affect the entire school population. Peer pressure is the one of the primary causes of drug dependency. Without mitigation from the administration, drug dependency among the students would undoubtedly rise. Another cause for concern is that substances such as stimulants induce violence and aggression.This would mean that the well-being of the whole school population could be jeopardized. Therefore, mandatory drug testing is the most effective way no t only to prevent drug-dependent students from harming themselves but also to prevent violence and harm to the public. Implementing it in schools in the swiftest time possible would efficiently prevent and reduce the number of drug use among the American student population. (What You Need to Know About Drug Testing in School).In sum, legalizing marijuana could potentially lead to more crime and more drug addicts. It also is sending the wrong message to our young people. Giving young people the impression that drugs are okay is setting a bad example. If young kids believe that marijuana use is not any more serious than smoking a cigarette, this could lead to serious circumstances and habits for them in the future.ConclusionAdolescents in virtually every era have been risk takers, testing limits and making shortsighted judgments. Today, the consequences of choosing a course of risk-taking are possibly more serious than they have ever been. Indeed, marijuana must not be legalized, lest we want our children to be dependent on them and ruining their lives over the long haul.SourcesInternet1) www.norml.org NORML (National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws)2) National Institute on Drug Abuse. Marijuana Abuse Research Report Series. July 2005. Retrieved November 10, 2006 https//www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/marijuana/letter-director.Magazine1) Time Magazine Is America Going to Pot? (issue November 4th, 2002)2) Newsweek magazine The War Over Weed (issue March 16, 1998)

Margarine Tub Essay

Investigate how the aggregative allow for affect the distance travelled by a weighted margarine tub when it is tripled on a runway by a perverted rubber ringing Planning A Hypothesis I predict that as the flowerpot of the margarine tub increases, the distance travelled by the tub leave decrease. I think this because as the mass increases the surface rubbing result besides increases this increase friction result cause the purpose to slow deplete and stop quicker and therefore in a shorter distance. The ruler for kinetic nix is Kinetic energy = mass x swiftness squ ard.When any mass is propelled along a runway, it travels a certain distance. When the mass is heavier then travels a shorter distance, and when it is lighter it travels a hourlong distance because of the forces acting on it. It volition also travel a longer distance because of the increased momentum. I expect that the graph provide not be a straight nervous strain because of the velocity squared part of the formula this will pull up stakes the gradient of the line of best fit. The gradient will change because you are not multiplying the velocity by a constant, but by itself so the large the velocity, the more than the number will increase by when squared.This is why the gradient is steeper at the get down of the graph. Variables Controlled variables The controlled variables here are the length that the rubber lap is stretched at, and the distance from the floor till the beginning of the runway. main(a) variable The independent variable here is the mass of the margarine tub because I want to reveal how the mass affects the distance traveled. Dependent variable The dependent variable here is the distance travelled by the margarine tub. Expected resultsMass (g) placego travelled (cm) 15 Planning B Apparatus 1. maven elastic band- to propel the object off. 2. A meter ruler- to stones throw the distance travelled. 3. A margarine tub. 4. Sand- to vary the mass of the object. 5. A stool- to hold the elastic band. 6. Scales- to amount of money the mass of the margarine tub. 7. A rhythmment sheet- to measure how cold I pull back the elastic band.8. A smooth surface- to carry out the experiment on. Method To investigate how mass affects the distance travelled by a projectile when propelled of an elastic band I am going to experiment with a margarine tub filled with sand. I will vary the amount of sand I put in the tub to create different populace I will use masses 50g to 500g, experimenting every 50g. I decided on this range because it will produce a large range of results which can be easily analyzed and plotted on a graph. I will stretch the elastic band around two of the legs of the stool this will hold the elastic band taught, so I can propel the tub off of it.I will stand the stool on a large sheet of paper with curium measurements on it running in the direction of the elastic band so I can measure, in centimetres how farthest I pull back the tub on the elastic band. I will measure from the outdoor stage of the tub to make it more undefiled. I will position the 0 end of the ruler at where I pull back the tub and elastic band on the measurement sheet, this way I will be measuring the complete distance travelled by the projectile. I will measure from the same end of the tub when I pull back the elastic band and when I measure how far it has travelled.I will measure to the nearest centimetre because it is the most appropriate degree of accuracy, and I will measure across with another ruler to make the measurement readings more undefiled. I am using a measurement sheet rather than a nitrogen metre to measure how far back I pull the elastic band, because the Newton metre only went up to 10 Newtons and this force didnt pull back the elastic band far enough to propel the projectile a sui evade distance to measure. This would make it hard for me to collect an appropriate range of accurate results.I need to make sure I dont stre tch the elastic band too much that I reach the elastic limit of the elastic band. If I do stretch the band beyond its elastic limit, as stated in Hookes Law, the elastic band will behave inelastically so it wont return to its original shape. Data Collection Mass (g) Distance Travelled 1 (cm) Distance Travelled 2 (cm).Distance Travelled 3 (cm) Average (cm) The table above shows my results I measured to the nearest half centimeter whilst I was collecting my results and worked out the bonny to the nearest millimetre. As you can see there is an anomaly, (81 cm for 50 grams) you can tell this is an anomaly because it is almost double of the other two experiments. This anomaly will make a difference to the average, so I will not include it in my final graph. Data ProcessingThis graph shows my results and the anomaly, I plotted the points using the averages. The point at 50g is higher than it should be, so there must have been a factor which affected this result when I was doing my exper iment. This graph does look similar to my expected graph that I explained, and this shows that my prediction was lay out. I took out the anomaly from my table and then calculated the average of 50g using the number one two results of the 50g experiment. I then plotted another graph, but this time without the anomalyThe trend in the graph shows that as the mass of the margarine tub increases, the distance travelled by the tub decreases. This is correct because as the mass increases the surface friction also increases this increased friction causes the object to slow down and stop quicker and therefore in a shorter distance. Conclusion and Evaluation The formula for kinetic energy is Kinetic energy = mass x velocity squared. As the kinetic energy is a constant, the line of best fit is not a straight line because of the velocity squared part of the formula this will vary the gradient of the line of best fit.The gradient changes because you are not multiplying the velocity by a consta nt, but by itself so the larger the velocity, the more the number will increase by when squared. This is why the gradient is steeper at the start of the graph. The basic trend of the graph shows that the distance decreases, at a decreasing rate, as the mass increases. This is what I predicted would happen, and it was correct. I am pleased with my results and feel that they are as accurate as I could make them.I measured the distances to the nearest half centimetre because this was an appropriate degree of accuracy and made sure the ruler was in the correct position sooner taking each reading. If I did this experiment again, I would perhaps investigate more than one factor, and beget out the effect they have on each other. For example I could investigate how far an object travels when propelled of an elastic band along an oiled or greased surface. Also I would investigate more weights so that my line of best fit is more accurate on my graph, I might also extend the range of weights to see if this made any difference.My percentage error was 14%, I worked this out using my expected table of values and my actual table of values, I used the formula constituent error = (value expected value / expected value) x 100. I had one anomaly whilst collecting my results, so there must have been a factor which affected this result when I was doing my experiment. This was probably a human error of misreading the length on the ruler however it could have been any of the factors explained on the first page. Finally, I am pleased with my results and overall experiment and I feel I produced an accurate set of data.

Dickens’ finest novel Essay

undischarged Expectations is considered demon finest novel. To what extent does it deserve this reputation? bulky expectations was written by Charles deuce in 1860. It is centred on strike, an orphan living with his austere sister and her mild-mannered husband Joe Gargery the blacksmith. It follows his journey from being a innocent boy with few expectations, to his moving to London and be approaching a gentleman, at the expense of a mysterious bene accompanimentor.I am going to write an appreciation of it, analysing its main components The yarn, the structure, the faces, the narration, the setting, the language and literary devices, the themes and the accessible/historical context, and evaluating their success to answer the question. Great Expectations combines m either different genres, including romance, mystery, history, action and comedy. This means it has universal appeal, and race with a wide range of interests and preferences will find fewthing to like about it.It also means that any individual reading it can respond it on a number of different levels. Great Expectations does non have one single bad guy many people fill this position. Magwitch, as the doom would have been the antagonist in a traditional story of good and evil, however Dickens does not portray him as such, and even when we see him terrorising young flash, it is portrayed in a humorous light, and we do not hate him. dissipate is the hero of the story however, at times he is the bad character. Mrs Joe is a character that could have been portrayed as an evil hag.However she is described with restraint as not a good-looking woman, and because Dickens does not go into much detail in the descriptions of her role as Pips childhood tormentor make her far more realistic. In a way, when she is attacked, we feel a sense of poetic justice because she made Pips life a misery. This is because she is a grimly realistic character and we dont miss her as we would a innocent funnier vil lain (like the Murdstones in David Copperfield). This deviation from the predictable structure of good and evil, present in some of Dickens new(prenominal) novels, makes the novel more interesting.It is also very well plotted. Subplots eventually relate to each other or to the main plot and sometimes they even fuse with the main plot (e. g. the convict that attacked Pip on the marshes fuses with Pips expectations). Miscellaneous minor characters who initially appear to have only a decorative role, become components of the main plot (e. g. Jaggerss housekeeper turns out to be Estellas mystify). Unexpected relationships surrounded by characters, either in the subplots or in various aspects of the main plot, be also present (e.g. Estella and the convict).Great Expectations was not written like a conventional novel and therefore has slightly unconventional structure. It was produce in weekly instalments, each comprising of one or two chapters. This means that rather than guiding th e story to a general climax at the end, Dickens had to incorporate mini-resolutions of the plot. Each episode also compulsory a cliff-hanger style ending to ensure the audience bought the next episode. This is apparent in the ending of the runner instalment, which endsThen I put the fastenings as I had found them, opened the door at which I had entered when I ran home last night, shut it and ran for the cloudy marshes. (Chapter 2 p 13) This resolves the first major accident in the story, in that we see Pip is doing exactly as the convict has instructed and the use of the phrase ran for the misty marshes is used to create suspense on many levels. Obviously literally it means that Pip is reversive to the marshes, to see the convict. The mood and tone created by the word misty is one of uncertainty and mystery, which mirrors Pips feelings regarding the incident.The phrase is also highlights the symbolism of the moment. The marshes represent the strange events that occur later i n the story, discernly Pip being turned into a gentleman by a mysterious benefactor and Pip is unseeingly racecourse into them by going to the marshes. The alliteration works to emphasise this phrase and make the reader pay more attention to it, thus making them more aware of its different levels of interpretation. This continually fluctuating structure is potentially a weakness of the novel, because it could become repetitive.However Dickens uses other structural devices to break up the structure and prevent it becoming predictable. For moral, he uses the mini-breaks to shift completely the focus of the story. For example, chapters 25-26 were one instalment and chapters 27-28 another. However the transition surrounded by them is not coherent and their subject matters are not related. Chapters 25 and 26 follow sort of a leisurely pace, and detail relatively mundane events such as Pip attending dinners at Wemmicks and Jaggerss homes, and Pip engaging in a quarrel over a bring Drummle ungratefully borrowed from Sartop.The garner at the beginning of chapter 27 breaks up the story in several ways. The commute in format breaks up the text and captures a change in narration we go from hearing from Pips narrative voice to hearing Biddys. This means that the story doesnt annoy monotonous, and keeps the reader engaged. The structure of this section of the story also influences the readers opinion of Pip. We read the letter then(prenominal) hear his reaction to it Let me confess exactly with what feelings I looked forward to Joes coming p179Because Joe has been portrayed well up to this point, the readers initial reaction to the letter is one of rapture that Pip will be reunited with him. However when we hear that Pip regards Joes visit with considerable disturbance, some mortification and a keen sense of incongruity we form a negative opinion of him. I think this is an effective use of structure, because it allows Dickens manipulate the response of the r eader, and force him/her to form emotional bonds with the characters. For example we feel sympathy towards Joe and contempt towards Pip.This would make the reader more inclined to read on (and misdirect more of the episodes). Characterisation is important in Great Expectations. The names of many of the characters reflect their personalities. For example, Pip and Joe are short simple names to reflect their simple upbringings. Joe keeps his name throughout, save when Pip moves to London, he adopts the name of Handel a famous composer. This shows that he has become more cultured and sophisticated. Dickenss well-educated audience would most certainly have studied Latin, and would have thus been aware that Estella derives from the Latin word for star.This highlights her incandescence and beauty, but shows how unattainable she is to Pip. Pip, who can only just read English, let alone Latin, is unaware of this but still comments that her light came along the dark passage like a star. ( p49) Jaggers sounds like jagged. This reflects the fact that he is a hard-nosed man, with a sharp mind. Pumblechook is a long name that suits his pompous, foolish attitude. These characternyms allow the reader to create a picture of the characters, without having to read lengthy descriptions.Therefore they can get to know the characters better. Pip is the protagonist of Great Expectations. His journey of self-discovery is the cornerstone of the novel. The readers response to the different stages of his character is integral to their response to the whole novel. Therefore Dickens begins to build up a relationship between Pip and the reader from the very beginning line My fathers name being Pirrip my baby tongue could make of both names nothing longer or more explicit than Pip (p3) This humorous anecdote serves two purposes.Firstly the humour makes the young Pip appear charming and loveable. Dickens then reveals that Pip is in fact an orphan. This is done slowly, first by mentioning a tombstone then in the next couple of lines saying that Pip never saw (his) father or mother. Because we hear of Pips family and then hear they are dead, we share in Pips loss to a certain extent. This increases the audiences sympathy for Pip, and later in the story, we are speedy to forgive him when he behaves badly. Its second purpose is to sow how simple Pip was before his expectations.

Bata Shoes Organization Essay

BRIEF HISTORY OF THE COMPANYThe short letter that became the Bata Shoe Organization was established on August 24, 1894 in Zlin, Czechoslovakia by Tomas Bata, and included his br some other Antonin and baby Anna. Although this problem was new, the Bata name had been part of a tradition of shoe qualification for eight generations, spanning three hundred course of studys. It was wizard of the first modern daylight shoe small-armufacturers , a team of snitchers and shoe nobles creating footwear non just for the local anaesthetic t receive , but alike for the distant retail merchants. This departure from the centuries old tradition of the one man cobblers bringshop was a brand newcin one casept, creating an entirely new industry.The Bata try r developingized the intercession of employees and labor conditions. Tomas consistently maintained a human focus, creating opportunities for development and advan cement, and added compensation for employees based on achievement. In late 1 985. Antonin was drafted into the army for compulsory military servicing and lift family shoe business. Also that yr, Anna left the corporation to marry, leaving a young Tomas to build the business on his receive. By 1905 Tomas had taken the new enterprise to 2200 pairs of shoes per day , produced by 250 employees utilizing resourceful imaginations , skilled hands and modern machinery to keep up with demand. low this manufacturing transcription, proceedsivity was greater than even before. Bata shoes were excellent flavour and available in more styles than had been offered before. withd sore grew rapidly in the early 1900s. Despite material and man reason shortages, cartel and the outbreak of World fight 1, gross sales continued to increase, reaching two million pairs per year by 1917. As the enterprise prospered, so did the communities w here it operated, Tomas believed that a focus on people and public service was critical for business success. The enterprise reinforce d ho use, schools and a hospital near the shoemaking sow in Zlin. It provided food and inexpensive rent during genuinely difficult ms when there was no help to be found.Bata companies alter provided rail services, construction, insurance, publishing and tannery in Zlin. Following World War 1, consumer purchasing power was really low Tomas and his employees devised a plan to find to post-war economic difficulties and reduced their shoe prices. Bata encloses were flooded with buyers and industry cynics were forced to follow their lead. Already exporting to other European countries, northeastwardern Africa and the USA, the enterprise began establishing new sales organizations in these market places during the 1920s.Companies were opened in Poland, Yugoslavia, Holland, Denmark, United farming and the USA. By the early 1930s, the Bata enterprise and Czechoslovakia were the worlds leading footwear exporters. The Bata organization devised by the Zlin team, and later applied in o ther Bata Show Organization companies, organized motions into autonomous workshops and split, allowing employees to contribute ideas and pee-pee proceeds, and contributed signifi lowlifet breakth robustiouss in footwear technology. BATA INDIABata India LimitedBata India managing director Marcelo Villagran.Incorporated as Bata Shoe Company esoteric Limited in 1931, the company was set up initially as a small operation in Konnagar (near Calcutta) in1932. In January 1934, the foundation stone for the first create of Batas operation now called the Bata. In the years that followed, the overall site was doubled in atomic number 18a. This township is popularly known as Batanagar. It was also the first manufacturing expertness in the Indian shoe industry to receive the ISO 9001 certification.The Company went public in 1973 when it counterchanged its name to BataIndia Limited. Today, Bata India has established itself as Indias prodigiousst footwear retailer. Its retail network o f 1250 stores divides it a reach/ reporting that no other footwear company can match.Thestores be pre direct in good locations and can be found in all the metros, mini-metros and towns Batas smart looking new stores stand outed by a range of better eccentric products atomic number 18 aimed at offering a superior obtain experience to its customers. And the new face of Bata India is now visible to the industry as well as its customers. Today, approve by a brand perception of experience, the company is working towards positioning itself as a vivacious and contemporary young brand. It has significantly transformed its retail formats to pass away more lifestyle-oriented, which has helped change consumer perceptions to a large extent. Bata India TodaySells over 45 million pairs of footwear every yearServes over 120,000 customers every daySells done over 1200 retail storesOperates 5 manufacturing facilitiesEmploys more than 6800 peopleBATAS pedigree UNITS* Bata Europe, Lausann e* Bata Asia Pacific-Africa, Sin interruptionore* Bata Latin America, Mexico* Bata North America, TorontoBata is one of the world leading footwear retailer and manufacturer with operations across 5 continents managed by 4 regional meaningful business units (MBUs). The MBU approach provides quality resources and support in get word aras to the companies operating in similar markets such as product development, sourcing or marketing support. Each MBU is entrepreneurial in nature, and can quickly adapt to changes in the market p intertwine and seize potential appendage opportunities.Batas strength lies in its worldwide presence. While local companies atomic number 18 self-governing, each one benefits from its merge to the international organization for endorse-office transcriptions, product innovations and sourcing.Although Bata operates in a wide variety of markets, climates and buying power Bata companies parcel out the same leadership points. Two fundamental ones argon pro duct concept development and constant approach of business touches in dedicate to offer customers great value and the exceed possible service.VISIONTo stupefy as a dynamic, innovative and market driven domestic manufacturer and distributor, with footwear as our hollow business, while maintaining a commitment to the country, culture and environment in which we operateMISSIONTo be victorious as the most dynamic, flexible and market responsive organization, with footwear as its core businessBATA BUSINESSBata shoe Organization companies argon involved in every face of the business of shoes. Throughout the world, Bata companies service customers from the store sales floor to the factory floor. PRODUCT RANGEMarie Claire* Hush Puppies* Power* Bubble Gummers* North Star* Scholl* WeinbrennerProduct range starts of Bata 299-2499. Bata start range 299 to lowest range of school shoe and highest brands of power & other product. Bata product lowest to highest range available to market. Hus h Puppies Now in IndiaHush Puppies be a famous shoe brand of the USA. It is so famous and pioneering that its sometimes referred to as a legend. This brand is owned and operated as a division by the WolverineBata is worst shoe take shaperBata is the people who fool shoes for high prices but with low quality. i bought a pair of slippers from bata named set up for Rs. 749/- on whitethorn 2007. it is not compfortable at all. The slipper is made Poor quality shoesI bought one pair of leather shoes from Bata, Cochin dealer near Padma junction one year before. The product was formal shoes with laces. The shoes cost INR 1499 for me. Bata is worst shoe makerBata is the people who make shoes for high prices but with low quality. i bought a pair of slippers from bata named comfit for Rs. 749/- on whitethorn 2007. High Price Poorest QualityI just happened to buy Bata shoes a week back. The relic I bought was obviously overpriced, but going by the name bata I bought it at 499. Within a we eks usage, the shoe furbish up was partially ripped off.TRANSFORMATIONAL PROCESS VIZ INPUTS OUTPUTS AND PROCESS FOLLOWED IN CONVERSION.In order to care for the increasing complexity of distributed industrial manufacturing arrangings, there is a strong demand for methods and tools thatsupport the designer in the compendium and optimization of flexible infrastructures for the automation of production summonses. We are currently investigating how emerging standards and mature simulation techniques can be exploited successfully in the production of custom made shoes. Nowadays, more different approaches, methodologies and com moulder aided design tools can be employed in the analytic thinking and optimisation of complex industrial frames. As a consequence, the selection of the most appropriate techniques and tools for a particular system is critical.Before making any final decision, it is necessary to investigate the functionalities offered, compliancy with existing standards, and skill for interoperability with non-proprietary instruments. We are currently working on a methodological approach to the structured design and simulation-based analysis and optimisation of manufacturing plants. The methods and tools used during the different phases of the design are illustrated with reference to an application in the shoe manufacturing sector. In particular, we find out an innovative plant for the production of customized shoes. This plant is located at the ITIA-CNR laboratory in Vigevano (Italy) and constitutes the pilot plant of a large European research learn called EUROShoe, which began in March 2001 and is scheduled to finish in June 2004.Figure 1 The Innovative Shoe Manufacturing Plant EURO Shoe is a complex and ambitious project with thirty-five academic and industrial partners from ten different European countries. It aims at a dramatic regaining of the concept of shoes as products and of their production, based on a trans governing body from mass-p roduced to mass-customised goods. This product evolution goes in parallel with a transformation of footwear companies into distributed and flexible enterprises capable of handling the complexity that such a radical change in the nature of the product implies and of mastering the associated new technological challenges. This implies a complete revision not single of the entire manufacturing process but also of the tools used to canvas and optimize the resulting innovative industrial system.For the sake of brevity, the methods and tools used for the design, analysis and optimization of the plant automation system are out note of handd with reference to the control and supervisionof the transport line. In the shoe manufacturing plant that we ask (Figure 1), an innovative transport line is used to move the semi- accurate shoes from one machining station to another harmonise to a predefined operating schedule. In particular, the innovative molecular structure of the transport line (F igure 2) strongly enhances the modularity, scalability, integrability and reconfigurability of the production system, thus increasing the overall flexibility of the plant. Figure 2 Layout of the Shoe Plant (left) and ISaGRAF Simulation graphical Interface (right). At the beginning of the design life cycle, the control and supervision system of the transport line was specified by manner of UML (Unified Modelling Language) diagrams in particular use-case, class, sequence and state diagrams were used to find out the systems modules, their relationships and their dynamic behaviour. The system architecture and functions were intentional using the Function Block formalism defined by the IEC 61499 standard, which integrates object-oriented concepts and discrete event models to suitably support control software design. The functional model obtained was analysed and optimized by convey of close upd-loop discrete event simulations performed in the Simulink/Stateflow environment, where both the controller and the controlled process were modeled and simulated through state charts, as was the behaviour of the overall system. In this way, the correctness and performance of the solution proposed could be evaluated.In particular, a bottom up methodology was defined and exploited to study the system according to a modular approach. This enabled us to simplify the overall analysis process, to verify the correctness of the automation functionalities easily and to optimize the system performance from the very first phases of the design life cycle. Once the functional modules had been verified, the control and supervision algorithms were certain using the SFC (Sequential Functional Chart) formalism, which is an advanced discrete event modelling graphical language, directly derived from Petri nets, and included in the IEC 61131 part 3 standard, which defines programming languages for industrial PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers). The SFC algorithms were analysed through closed loop discrete simulations in the ISaGRAF environment in order to verify their correctness and to optimize their performance. ISaGRAF is a CACSD (Computer Aided Control System Design)tool that allows the automation software to be structured using all five IEC 61131 languages and supports simulation functionalities for examination purposes, as well as automatic code generation facilities for different industrial systems. In order to perform the closed loop simulations, simplified models of the plant devices ingest been repre moveed in ISaGRAF by essence of suitable SFC modules and data structures.Moreover, to simplify the analysis of the simulation results, a simple 2D graphic support was realized in ISaGRAF (Figure 2). Simulations perplex been performed by considering typical operating conditions, ie, typical production orders, and the results obtained show that the system is deadlock free and that the plant is well balanced, ie its resources are all used effectively. Afte r check and optimization of the automation functions and algorithms, the corresponding code was generated and implemented on the target industrial devices. We found that the simulation-based analysis techniques reduced the plant rump-up times and costs and correctd overall system performance. Future work exit concern the exploitation of the standards, methods and tools proposed for other industrial plants and their integration at heart an advanced CACSD tool for manufacturing systemsMANUFACTURINGTomas Batas subversive business concept was to industrialize the shoemaking process of that day. That type of thinking has been the driving force understructure the Bata Shoe Organization success. The Bata Shoe Organization has been as innovator in the manufacturing of shoes over the years. Bata military unit have made important advances in DVP (Direct Vulcanization Process), PVC, gymnastic footwear production and slush model footwear production.1. Raw natural StockThe raw materia l which includes the chemicals used for making cement stick-on,rubber latex and sole (both inside(a) and outer),cloth(bought from Bombay Dyeing) used for making focal ratio, material used for making binding,thread and the packing cartons etc. are stocked in the storage warehouse. Inventory of all the above items is properly maintained with the help of a Material stock position chart made on the walls of the warehouse and a computing machineized inventory Database.Every department has been allocated a maximum stock limit beyond which they cannot store the raw materials for themselves. It has to be used as frequently as possible. Every fortnight, the stock and usage is reviewed. The transmission of raw material from stock warehouse to respective departments is recorded and same is do with the transmission between various departments. All this data is promptly available for review to all departments and can be checked anytime. Cement And Latex ManufacturingThe cement adhesive a nd rubber latex are the main chemicals used to paste together the different part of a shoe, are manufactured in the plant itself. Both these materials are produced keeping in mind the contract requirements and also the correct specification, which is the right mix of chemicals to make it the best pasting element and get the desired quality.1. fillet of sole Pull ManufacturingThe inner and outer shoe take in the shoe are also produced in-house. colossal rubber sheets measuring 3ft.x2ft. having a thickness of approx. 2 cms. are first heated to high temperature and past position in a curing chamber for 8 minutes where they are again impact at high temperature of well-nigh 170oC. At such a high temperature the sheets expand and therefore sent for vulcanization where it is processed for 3 hrs. to set the shrinking limit of rubber. These sheets can be cut only after two weeks of vulcanization. This is known as seating process.2. Making BindingA binding is required on the outer of t he shoe to bind the edges of cloth upper. This binding material is also made within the plant, using cloth. It is machne stitched onto the cloth upper. 3. Folding, Cutting And StampingThe cloth that forms the shoe upper is produced from Bombay Dyeing. It is first folded into huge lot and then cut into pieces of uniform sizes according to the different size lots.These cloth pieces are then stamped with what may be called a batch number and the shoe size. An example of abatch number may be F-3218422. In this code, F represents plant code of the Faridabad factory, 321 is the code of the particular workstation and congregation line, 8 represents the year of manufacturing, 42 the week and 2 signifies the day of the week in which production has been done.This stamping particularly helps if there is a defect found out in the shoe after sale. After stamping is done ,the upper is sent for stitiching.4. Stitching The cloth received after stamping is set for stitching and making it into a p roper upper of the shoe. The stitching process starts with folding of the piece and stitching it in a particular fashion to take back the shape of an upper. Next, it is sent for stitching the binding onto the edges of the sgoe. After the binding on the edges has been done, the shoe is transferred further where lace holes and flips used under that are stitched onto the upper. The last step in the stitching process is to put laces into the shoe, which is done by hands. The upper of the shoe is now ready to sent for assembling process.5. AssemblyThe assembly process uses a dual level conveyor belt as can be seen in the picture. A fact worth noting is that the conveyor does not have a linear arrangement of workstations kind of it is an ellipsoidal conveyer belt with different workstations positioned all around it. At first glance, it is not easy to embrace as to wherefrom where the process begins. However ,a closer look reveals that fully assembled shoes are hand picked away(p) fr om the conveyer at one particular point on the conveyer. Despite it unconventional designe, it is a very well organized and systematic assembly line configuration where none of the employee sit idle at any point of time , thus minimizing idle time losses.There is a parallel conveyer which basically consists of many metal shoe moulds onto which the entire shoe assembly is built.The shoe building process starts at one when one person applies cement on the inner sole and places it on the conveyer belt. The coterminous person then appliescement of edges of the upper of the shoe and again puts back the piece onto the conveyer, next,the inner sole is put on the upper part of theMould and the cloth is pasted on the sole to get the exact shape of the shoe. Now ,when the shape is achieved ,the shoe is dipped into latex so that the latex covers the lower side of the shoe.It is then placed in a drying chamber to dry the latex where in the temperature is around 70oC.Once latex is dried and the shoe is taken out of chamber . It is again placed on the conveyor and the next person puts the outer sole(coated with cement) on the conveyor as well. The sole is then pasted on to the shoe tightly and pressed by a large bag containing piddle. This water filled bag is a part of the conveyor only and water is used to prevent the formation of air bubbles, which may leads to manufacturing defects.The person sitting next checks once again that there is no gap in the pasting. The side fixing is then pasted on the dried latex and the shoe moves on. The next employee pastes the Bata logo on the back of the shoe and also press the side foxing. On the next station, the walk guards, both side strips as well as circular one, are available to the employee. Coated with cement . Both of these are pasted on the shoe. The shoe is now prepared to be vulcanized and then is transferred by the last worker on the conveyor , from the conveyor to the conveyor trolly. Introduction Facility Layout means planninga.For the location of all machine, utilities, employee work stations customer. service areas, material storage areas, aisles, restrooms, lunchrooms, internet walls, offices and computer rooms.b. For the flow of ensamples of materials and people around, into, and within building.C .Infrastructure services such as the delivery of linecommunications, force and water and the removal of waste water all make up basic utilities.Characteristic of facility layout decisiona.Location of these various areas impacts the flow through the system.b.The layout can affect productivity and costs generated by the system.c.Layout alternatives are limited byd.the amount and type of aloofness required forthe various areas.e.the amount and type of space available.F.the operations strategy.Objective of layout StrategyDevelop an economic layout which will run the requirements ofa.Product design and volume (product strategy)b.Process equipment and capacity (process strategy)c.Quality of work life (human resource strategy)d.Building and site cons steerts (location strategy)Basic layout formsa.Process Layoutb.Product Layoutc.Combination Layoutd.Fixed position LayoutFixed-Position layoutIn fixed-position layouts, the item being worked on remains stationary, and workers, materials, and equipment are move as selected. Fixed-position layouts are widely used for farming, firefighting, road building, home building, remodeling and repair, and oil production foroil,buildings, ships, aircrafts.Factors in Determining Layout and DesignSmall business owners need to consider many operational factors when building or renovating a facility for maximum layout effectiveness. These criteria include the following1.Ease of future expansion or change Facilities should be designed so that can be easily expanded or adjusted to meet changing production needs. Although redesigning a facility is a major, expensive undertaking not to be done lightly, there is always the possibility that a redesign w ill be necessary. Therefore, any design should be flexible. Flexible manufacturing systems most often are highly automated facilities having intermediate-volume production of a variety of products. Their s conduceping point is to minimize change over or setup times for producing the different products while still achieving close to assembly line (single-product) production rates.2.Flow of movement The facility design should reflect a recognition of the splendor of smooth process flow. In the case of factory facilities, the plan will show the raw materials submission your plant at one end and the finished product emerging at the other. The flow need not be a straight line. Parallel flows, U-shaped patterns, or even a zig-zag that ends up with the finished product back at the shipping and receiving bays can be functional. However, backtracking is to be avoided in whatever pattern is chosen. When parts and materials move against or across the overall flow, personnel and paper work b ecome confused, parts become lost, and the attainment of coordination becomes complicated.3.Materials handling Small business owners should make certain that the facility layout makes it possible to consider materials (products, equipment, containers, etc.) In an orderly, efficientand preferably simple manner.FACILITY LOCATIONContact Person. Address, Bata House 418/02, Gurgaon Mahrauli Road, Sector 17. Gurgaon 122002. Haryana. City, Gurgaon. State, Haryana. Phone, 124 4120100 1.Bata Nagar pulverisation Batanagar, WestBengal2. Rubber Purchasing Dept. Kottayam, Kerala Rubber purchase and processing.3. Bataganj grinder Bataganj,Patna Bihar Complete Manufacturing4. Bata Tannery Mokamehghat, Bihar Leather Processing5 . Faridabad Factory NIT, Faridabad UP Complete Manufacturing6. Sandak Division Shivaji Marg, Sandak Sandak Footware.PRODUCTION PLAANING SYSTEM VIZ CAPASITY readiness, OPERATION MANAGEMENT SHEDULING ETC.PRODUCT PLANNING SYSTEM.They select their product designs according to their customer needs. And they are continuously bringing changes as the customers demands for new products. They are using the latest equipment and machinery to meet the customers demand and to provide them the product they need. Bata Production Division is going supernumerary miles to meet ever growing production requirements of PU direct pouring and other footwear to furnish the needs of our worthy customers. During the current season, the overall production is going 120% against estimates and 130% against last year. alike in the area of PU direct pouring, 123% production has been achieved against the estimates and 204% against last year.This milestone in production has been a result of restructuring of Maraka and Rubber Factories. A better production planning, maximum utilization of humanresources and teamwork all have been put together strategically to achieve competitive advantage in Bata products over the competition in the area of quality, prices and sales appealPROCES S OF PLANING OPERATION SYSTEM,Their process consists of three parts.* ManufacturingIn manufacturing are, all the raw materials are brought together and the raw material is cut into the shapes of the required products. All the pieces are cut here for the specific products. * StitchingThe cut pieces of raw material are stitched here together to give the shape of the shoe. The sole is also attached to the upper portion of the shoe and all the pieces are get together together to give it the shape of shoe. * FinishingThe product is then moved to finishing department where the rough look of shoe is converted in to a finished product. The shoe is polished, cleaned and all the unwanted materials are removed from it to give it a proper shape. The color and shine of the shoes are finalized here and the product coming out of this department is ready for use.* Retrenchment (Firing)As we know that Bata is a biggest firm around us and they hire the person who have the skills and ability to do wo rk for a long time .They mainly fire people on the serious reach of intellect, misconduct, punctuality and upon not achieving their given targets and once the management has decided to fire a person they give one month prior reveal to the respective employee and once the employee is fired can never be hired again. Moreover they do not conduct any exit interview. They do not believe in extending the outplacement facility to their employees. QUALITY SYSTEM,An important choiceA choice of more than 3,000 items footwear, clothing, bags and accessories, for men, women, children and sports. A very personal serviceTheir professional narrow down supply is there to help you make the best choice Product presentationAll the items are clearly marked with the price, size and description of the materials used to make the product, thus saving you time and making your choice easier. Your purchase is guaranteedYou have the guarantee to replace the purchased item if it is still intact and accompan ied by the till receipt. INVENTORY MANAGEMENTSubject matter expert and course leader, Jean-Paul Waisman from the European assort with the support of Vladimir Spelda from Central Europe and Alain Groelly from Switzerland facilitated the Euro Fast Track Merchandising module in Italy from June 3rd to 15th. 14 European participants took part in the training.The course objectives were as followsTo learn the Best Merchandising Practices in the Bata Europe Group To better understand the role and function of the Merchandising Department in the company To develop and improve skills in shoe line buildingTo understand, create and utilize the Consumer Lifestyles Segmentations To introduce analytical tools and techniques to perform in-season and end-season analysis in order to better manage inventory To introduce a disciplined, standardized methodology and process to the Bata Europes merchandising function in order to align business performance to benchmarksThe participants worked through vario us major business areas including Analyzing the market place and all the competitionUnderstanding the need for market segmentation to better identify customers requirements Building a shoeline with core and additional collections to better meet store portfolio requirements Planning the merchandise allocation to the stores in such a manner that stores can achieve their sales objectives Using various analytical techniques to optimize sales and inventory management, and to maximize profitabilityA prof from the Ars Sutoria University in Milan explained in detail thevarious shoe construction types and material including tips to recognize a quality shoe.The group visited stores in Venice and made a competitive market place analysis including business cases as to how to improve Bata store performance, visual display and other areas of the business.The Euro Fast Track Merchandising module was very successful and participants were very enthusiastic as they participated in many practical exe rcises including a dialogue workshop. They also had the opportunity to share their experiences with many colleagues from other BSO companies across Europe.SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENTBata is using its raw materials from his different suppliers. Some of the suppliers are local while some are from Indonesia. Along with their own production, they are also out sourcing for some of their products. They are keeping a check on the quality of the products from outsourcing and using their own brand name.The raw material coming from their suppliers are stored in the warehouses. These raw materials are then moved to the production area, where the production is being done and the finished good are moved towards warehouse again for storage after proper quality inspection. They are their own distributers and they have their own stores all over INDIA. They have four types of store concepts.* City StoreThe Bata City Store gives you remarkable shopping experience as it showcases the latest collections for footwear of local and international brands. The store ambience is designed to create a lifestyle store that reflects and responds to your needs and expectations. The Bata City stores are located in top shopping malls in big city centers.* Family storeBata is the worlds leading family chain convey to the wide assortment of every fashion footwear available in our stores. The products are primarilythe Bata brand, with a carefully selected assortment of articles from both local and international brands.* SuperstoreBata Superstore offers a wide assortment of fashion, casual and athletic for the entire family. Located primarily in urban and suburban shopping center, these spacious stores offer the best value by providing good quality shoes at great prices. Service is fast give thanks to a self-selection shopping environment with qualified staff to serve and assist.* Factory storeFactory stores are the largest and the most value-oriented stores of our retail chain. They are ideally l ocated in power centers, commercial parks and liberation centers with easy parking facilities. The product selection offers more than 1,000 styles of ladies, men, children and sport shoes with related accessories and apparel change at attractive price points. It is based on a self-service concept with helpful staff available for service at any time.It appears to me that Bata was very far in the direction of micro managing. I do not believe he would have been much fun to work for. But it would have been a rewarding experience, not just from the point of view of finances, but rather like having a very demanding teacher. You do not enjoy the experience at the time but you look back on the experience with a certain fondness. You realize that you grew under the stress that you were stretched and it was good for you.Bata tried to make the need for such micro-management less by the way he developed his system for setting right and rewards. He said I was seeking a method which would work automatically as the insolate rises and the sun sets. He wanted to wind the company up and then let it run without his attention.In this system, every work unit was engaged in buying and selling goods and services to and from other work units. The prices were established by a central accounting office and were not negotiable. The customer for theproduct or service dictated the quality and schedule.Naturally the setting of these prices was subjected to considerable discussion and debate. However, all of the facts and figures used in setting the prices were available to the work unit so they had a basis for their side of the debate. The prices were set with payable regard for prices of similar products which might be available on the open market. Work units were not encumber to buy only from within the company.What made the Bata system different from other methods of cost accounting was the agreement that if the workers could devise an improved method, which reduced waste, improve d times of delivery and produced a profit beyond expectations, the workers could share in this profit. In other words, Bata produced a system which encouraged each work unit to become more entrepreneurial.Bata had a larger purpose. He intended for each worker to become much more conscious of the economics of the factory, to relate the results of the enterprise to his own fortunes and to become a more responsible defender of wealth. For Bata the system of internal transacting was more than a way to run the company it was a way to train people to become fiscally responsible in their own lives.BIBLOGRAPHYhttp//www. Bata.comwww.product range.comhttp//www.bata manufacturing process.www.consumercomplaints.in/MORE FREE TERM papers ON SITE www.BesplatniSeminarskiRadovi.com